By Nathan Ferguson
Bitcoin was created as a digital financial currency that is not bound to government involvement and is functional indecently. Unluckily, some crypto supporters feel that, because of its pseudonymous character, it is devoid of the security provision that adequately safeguards its users, particularly in the controlling regimes that either restrict or alleviate the usage of the digital currency.
Indeed, cryptocurrency, in particular, bitcoin, offers compromised secrecy in contrast to fiat money since this blockchain operates in certain ways that it is accessible to the public. Anybody with ample resources in the blockchain can do the analysis and may identify the true person behind the given address.
Today, there are multiple currencies offering privacy and security in cryptocurrency, so it’s difficult to make the decision of the most suitable currency. This fact needs to be considered that coins like Dash, Zcash, and Monero are besieged by global Anti Money Laundering (AML) modulators who possess the capacity to promote money concealment and hidden funding to the terrorists, and several exchanges have removed them as a consequence. While working with privacy coins, please read carefully, understand, and follow local regulations.
This post will go through the top privacy cryptocurrencies and discuss what makes them unique.
What Are the Privacy Coins?
A new type of cryptocurrency is introduced for people named privacy coins that enables anonymous and secretive dealings in the blockchain by concealing their origin as well as the deposit site. The few tactics employed comprise concealing a client’s true assets and the locality, as well as blending numerous transactions to avoid blockchain investigation.
In pursuit of transparency, Bitcoin and other not concealed blockchains enable anybody to analyze the dealings and the addresses of users on their network, making this effortless to monitor someone else’s transactions.
But the privacy coins are known for their distinctive feature of secrecy and untrack ability. Secrecy covers the identity of the person who is making a transaction, but untrack ability put an obstacle in the way of the third-party services such as blockchain analysis to follow the trail of transactions.
Why were privacy coins created?
Privacy coins, just like many early altcoins, arose in reaction to perceived flaws in Bitcoin’s architecture. Unlike typical electronic payments, Bitcoin addresses are not explicitly connected to real-world identities. Thus users thought that Bitcoin transactions were entirely anonymous in the early years.
However, because Bitcoin’s blockchain keeps a permanent public record of every transaction and it is theoretically feasible to identify, monitor, and link transactions to people and organizations. As the field has grown, analytics businesses like Chainalysis have developed techniques and tools to accomplish just that, and there have been instances when law enforcement has utilized such studies as part of its investigations.
Very first privacy coins surfaced immediately after the FBI shut down Silk Road, the original dark-web bazaar, in 2013. The marketplace’s main payment mechanism was BTC, and the bulk of the products sold were unlawful. During the trial, the prosecution employed blockchain analysis to establish its case against the defendants that managed the website.
The trial effectively ignited a debate over truly untraceable cryptocurrencies, and the following year, DASH and XMR were established.
Understanding the concept of fungibility
The apparent secrecy of Bitcoin was a significant appeal for many who were drawn to it early on. However, BTC is less “fungible” than previously thought.
Fungibility is an important feature of money since it says that one unit of anything may be traded for another without either side feeling cheated. Consider the United States dollar. If you pay for an item for $80 with a $100 bill, the merchant doesn’t care which $100 bill you use. If the note is genuine, it is valued like any $100 bill in circulation. Similarly, it doesn’t matter whether the $20 bill you receive back changes, and even if you get two $10 bills.
When we buy dollars, pounds, euros, or yuan, we aren’t usually aware of or care about the background behind each note. With BTC, however, anybody can track a transaction — and the coin(s) contained inside it — back to the block from which it started by simply inspecting the blockchain. Assume the 1 BTC you own now was previously utilized in criminal conduct. If a merchant, exchange, or other service provider learns about your “tainted” coin’s background, they may opt not to accept it.
In this regard, there is a strong case to be made that BTC is much less fungible than actual currency. According to industry analysts, investors may ultimately choose to pay the premium for “virgin Bitcoin,” and platforms have already blacklisted addresses based on coin histories.
This debate over fungibility, or the lack thereof, is very important to better understand how privacy coins function, as their goal is to be as fungible as feasible.
Tactics employed by the Privacy coins
For efficaciously maintaining the secrecy and untrack ability, several techniques are utilized by the privacy coins—the most common of which being ring signatures, stealth addresses, CoinJoin, and zk-SNARKs.
To avoid being associated with a receiver, the secret localities of users require the depositor to create a fresh locality for each of the withdrawals and deposits.
Among the most popular privacy coins, Monero (XMR) is the top choice of people as it uses a special strategy known as dual-key stealth address protocol, ensuring the strongest privacy for the user.
Another type is a coin mixer known as CoinJoin that syndicates many people’s transactions into a single transaction, and then it is divided among the users possessing freshly created addresses.
Zk-SNARKs enable cryptocurrency holders to establish the legitimacy of a transaction without disclosing essential identifying information such as the persons involved or account balances.
Besides Monero and CoinJoin, another special privacy coin in Zk-SNARKs. The coin enables its user to make transactions legally without submitting their personal information and biodata.
Is it lawful to possess privacy coins?
Both yes and no. the legitimacy of privacy coins is determined by the individual jurisdictions. In South Korea, for example, the government forbids the trading of privacy coins upon that country’s cryptocurrency exchanges to combat hidden and unlawful transactions of money.
On the other hand, countries that haven’t abolished private currencies haven’t endorsed them either—implying that they operate in a legal grey area.
For example, the government of the US has adopted a distinctive approach by designing the tools for uncovering the money dealing performed through private relations.
Private dealings don’t encourage bad behavior, including terrorist financing and money laundering. Despite the fact that some users simply value their financial privacy and fundamental rights, the number of regulatory authorities cracking down on untraceable cryptocurrencies is steadily expanding. Surprisingly, prominent figures such as Naval Ravikant, Elon Musk, and Edward Snowden continue to advocate for secretive applications.
It is very necessary to address the recommendations and activities enlisted by the international authorities such as Financial Action Task Force. However, the prohibition of privacy coins isn’t announced yet. FATF Travel Rule is although making things complicated for the users since they are asked to submit personal information.
A new FATF draught regulation, which will be issued in June 2021 following public comment, will include new AML/CFT advice for people who also have to deal with anonymity enhanced currencies, or privacy coins as the FATF refers to them.
New AML/CFT recommendations for anyone dealing with enhanced-anonymity currencies (AEC), or privacy coins as the FATF refers to them, will be included in a new FATF draughts regulation, which will be allotted in June 2021 after public comment.
What Is the Reason for Exclusion of Private Coins by Exchanges?
The exclusion of privacy coins from exchanges is related to a country’s stance on AML/CFT standards and how it responds by controlling private transactions. Even if anonymous bitcoin transactions can elude authorities, centralized exchanges are subject to regulatory oversight.
When a regulator forbids the trading of a certain cryptocurrency inside its boundaries, an exchange must cease the dealings at the earliest. In these circumstances, few cryptocurrency exchanges can plan to hang trade. Others can exclude the trading of the coin from the site.
Privacy coins have come under greater attention from authorities in recent months, prompting several exchanges to delist them to prevent regulatory issues.
Several top-notch platforms, including Bittrex, CoinCheck, Coinbase UK, and ShapeShift, have excluded prominent privacy cryptocurrencies such as Dash (DASH), Monero (XMR), and Zcash (ZEC) as an outcome of this occurrence.
The requirements of FATF Standards’ Recommendation 16 Travel Ruleputs immense pressure on foreign bodies to ensure that their dealings and virtual asset service providers (VASPs) provide user-recognizing data while making transactions. This was the reason for the delistings. While a watchdog asks their VASPs to meet this obligation when applying for an operating license or recordkeeping, they compel them to do so.
Even under these precautions, few studies show that lawbreakers continue to advocate Bitcoin regardless of its privacy concerns.
Dash
Dash is a privacy coin that was functional as Bitcoin split back in 2014. X-coin was the pioneer private coin that was eventually modified to DarkCoin, and finally Dash. PrivateSend, which employs the CoinJoin technique to conceal true transaction inputs, is one of Dash’s optional anonymity features.
According to the Dash Core Group (DCG), Dash focuses on usefulness and user safety that overlooks the development of the digital currency. It is not inherently anonymous because it is a Bitcoin derivative. Moreover, the CEO of DashPay, Ryan Taylor, considers that Dash is not anonymity enhanced cryptocurrency. Wallet balances and addresses are revealed to the public if the user doesn’t use the private send option.
- Bitcoin vs. Dash
The chief difference between bitcoin and Dash is the consent processes they use. Dash adds a layer that hosts master nodes supported by a proof-of-stake (PoS) technique, while both intrinsically employ proof-of-work (PoW).
As a result of its greater transaction speed and low-cost transaction fees, it can be said that Dash is one of the safest coins in terms of privacy and security matters. Notably, Dash employs the InstantSend function, a handy technique that allows for near-instant transactions.
In terms of privacy, Bitcoin falls behind Dash, which expressly enables users to decide to be open or anonymous in the market.
- Monero vs. Dash
Both the private coins provide secrecy, but their designs are fundamentally different. Dash operates by the combined features of PoS and PoW. Moreover, the characteristic of anonymity is available as an option via the PrivateSend function.
Transaction evidence on the Monero network, on the other hand, is completely anonymous. Dash implements CoinJoinbut Monero utilizes multiple tools enlisting ring signatures, privacy augmenting strategies, and RingCT. When it comes to privacy, Monero beats Dash. However, DASH is far quicker and cheaper than using XRM.
- Zcash vs. Dash
Dash makes use of the X11 hashing method, whereas Zcash makes use of the Equihash algorithm and the zk-SNARKS mechanism. They have multiple similarities, like Bitcoin forks. They have a block size restriction of 2MB and a block confirmation time of 2 and a half minutes.
If we look at the privacy factor, Zcash outperforms Dash since Dash transactions may be tracked if you have access to master nodes.
Monero
Monero (XMR) is widely regarded as the best anonymous cryptocurrency on the market. This is because of its comprehensive set of privacy features such as RingCT, stealth addresses, and Ring signatures.
The US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) had to offer a $625,000 reward to anyone who could crack Monero’s privacy feature. On the other hand, a Chainalysis employee believes that “Monero was smart[ly] invented,” but that it isn’t without flaws.
- Bitcoin vs. Monero
Apart from the fact that they both employ the PoW consensus technique, the two have substantial differences. Bitcoin is merely a faux cryptocurrency, but Monero is one of the most private currencies ever created.
Moreover, the Bitcoin network uses a set block size, but Monero uses a variable block size, which is ideal for periodic increases in transaction volumes. Despite this, according to one research, more criminals choose BTC over XMR since Bitcoin is easier to trade and provides more crypto-to-fiat off-ramps.
Furthermore, the Bitcoin network employs a fixed block size, but Monero employs a variable block size, which is perfect for periodic rises in transaction volumes. Regardless of this, one study claims that more delinquents prefer BTC to XMR since Bitcoin is easier to trade.
Zcash
Zcash coin was laid in 2016 on the same foundation as Dash that is a fork of Bitcoin. The crypto, which is led by the Electric Coin Company, uses the energy-intensive PoW technique to confirm transactions.
Zcash additionally provides the option to conceal transactions using privacy and untraceability methods such as zk-SNARKS and shielded transactions.
- Monero vs. Zcash
Zcashyields the zk-SNARKs feature, whereas Moneroincorporates a combination of three tools: confidential ring transactions, stealth addresses, and ring transactions. Monero transactions are always secretive, whereas Zcashgives optional privacy.
Users on Zcash have the freedom to choose whatever transactions they would like to keep private and which they want to disclose publicly.
- Bitcoin vs. Zcash
Zcash is a Bitcoin clone with added features such as configurable anonymity. Another distinction between Zcash and Bitcoin is the way mining incentives are distributed.
For example, whereas Bitcoin miners receive all of the benefits, Zcash previously had a different method. To clarify, 10% of mining incentives used to go to the Electric Coin Company and were distributed among the company’s owners to support future improvements. However, a halving in November 2020 eliminated the “Founders Reward.” Miners now get 80% of block rewards, with the remaining 20% going to the new Major Grants Funds, ECC, and the Zcash Foundation.
Beam
The beam is a privately held digital currency that uses the Mimblewimblesecrecyblockchain. Besides privacy, the approach that helps PoW protocols scale by providing compact data solutions that are easier to obtain, verify, and coordinate.
Beam also permits transactions with non-identifiable addresses to be made in an untraceable manner. Beam uses the Dandelion approach to hide its network traffic as well. Small transactions that make up a single block appear as a single massive transaction that can be executed from a long distance.
Grin
Grin is a censorship-resistant privacy coin that was launched in January 2019 and used the same Mimblewimbleblockchain as Beam. Grin sets itself apart by working independently of its enigmatic creator. As a result, the majority of developer incentives come from donations.
The intriguing and notable feature of Grin is its platform, if divisive, mining rule: miners earn the same rate of rewards in perpetuity, indicating that a miner joining the network in December 2030 will receive the same level of payouts per block as the first miner in January 2019.
Conclusion
Cryptography is referred to as the study of strategies that ensure the secure transactions of the money, converting the details and addresses of both the depositor and receiver. Privacy coins are an important element of the crypto environment, even though their lack of traceability raises concerns about illegal moves.
Regrettably, governments all around the world continue to overlook bitcoin even though it has allegations that only a small portion of it is used for money laundering, terrorism funding, and other criminal activities.
Monero remains the most secure cryptocurrency. While Zcash and Dash both allow for public transactions. Clients who want scalability and privacy should use Beam and Grin.